Rather, they contribute to the charge of the ions that have lost electrons. Note that since protons are in the nucleus, they never collect on a surface in static electricity. Either the materials are pulled together or a stream of electrons jumps the gap as a spark. If electrons are collected on the surface of one material and positive ions are collected on another surface, the negative and positive charges attract. Static electricity is a good example of opposite charges attracting. When a positive charged particle is near a negative charged particle, they are attracted to each other by the lines of force. The electric field acts like a force at a distance and the lines are considered lines of force. When a positive charged particle (+) like a proton is near a negative charged particle (−) like an electron, the electric field goes from one to the other.Įlectric field direction from (+) to (−) Forces acting on charged particles
It's just there.Įlectric field lines shown moving from a positive particle It is not certain if there is any direction of radiation, and there is no real good explanation of what the electric field is made of. By convention, the lines of the electric field are said to radiate from a (+) particle and move towards a (−) particle. Electric fieldĪn electric field surrounds every particle that has an electric charge. It is still neutral in electric charge, but it spins in the opposite direction. These oppositely charged particles are called anti-matter. It is the same size and weight as an electron, except it has an opposite charge.įor the positive charged proton, there is the anti-proton that has a negative charge. That anti-electron particle is called the positron. Since there is a negative charged electron, there is also a version with a positive charge. That means if there is a left hand, there will be a right hand. Magnets are called dipoles, meaning they must have two poles. This is different than the case of magnetic poles, where for every N pole, there must be an S pole. UnipolesĮlectricly charged particles are called unipoles, in that they can exist by themselves ("uni" means one). They are often involved in static electricity and electric current on electrolyte solutions such as salt water. Likewise, if the atom gains an excess of electrons, it is called a negative ion. But if the atom loses some electrons, it will have more positive charges than negative charges and is called a positive ion. IonsĪn atom typically has the same number of negative charged electrons as positive charged protons, so its total charge is neutral. For example, a proton has a positive electric charge, an electron has a negative electric charge, and a neutron is neutral and has no electric charge. Sub-atomic particles have a positive (+) electric charge, a negative (−) electric charge, or no electric charge at all.
( See Sub-Atomic Particles for more information.) Protons, neutrons and electrons are the most common sub-atomic particles. An atom is comprised of a nucleus consisting of protons and neutrons and a collection of electrons in orbits or shells around the nucleus.
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